Mbere y’ uko umwaka wa 2023 urangira, inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga z’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze (REB) zesheje umuhigo wo gusubizaho murandasi mu mashuri aho yari yaravuyeho mu mashuri ijana na mirongo itanu n’abiri (152) yo mu turere twose uko ari mirongo itatu (30) mu gihugu hose nk’uko bitangazwa na Sengati Diane Umuyobozi w’agateganyo w’ishami ry’ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze. 

Umuyobozi w’agateganyo ufite ikoranabuhanga mu nshingano ze mu rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze (REB), Madamu Sengati Diane yashimangiye ko ikoranabuhanga ridafite murandasi (internet) ryagereranwa no kwikirigita ugaseka aka ya mvugo y’ ikinyarwanda.

Diane yagize ati: “mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga turimo ubu, nk’uko bigaragara ko isi yabaye umudugudu kandi ukurikije uko iterambere ryihuta, byagorana kugera ku ntego z’ iterambere ukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nta murandasi wifashishije”.

Uyu muyobozi yavuzeko amashuri yose aho ava akagera mu Rwanda agomba kuba afite ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nk’uko biri mu nshingano z’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze ndetse agerwaho na Murandasi hamwe n’imfashanyigisho hakoreshejwe imbuga zitandukanye. Ibi kandi bijyana no guhugura abarimu ku mikoreshereze y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ku myigire n’imyigishirize. “Ibi bizadufasha kugira abarezi batanga uburezi bufite ireme twifuza kuko abo bigisha bazabigiraho abarezi bakababera icyitegererezo aka wa mugani w’ikinyarwanda baca bagira bati kora ndebe iruta vuga numve. Iby’ ingenzi byihutirwa mbere y’ibindi ni ugushyira ibyumba by’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri yose mu Rwanda ndetse hakongerwa ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’aho bitari bikahagera mu rwego rwo gutuma imyigire n’imyigishirize bigenda neza ku kigero cyifuzwa kandi byose bishingiye ku ihuzamurongo (internet connectivity).” Diane Sengati.

Umuyobozi atangaza ko kugeza murandasi mu mashuri bigeze hejuru ya 42% aho amashuri arenge 1300 ari kuri murandasi y’ubwoko bwa 4G, amashuri agera kuri 49 akoresha Fiber Optic hakaba hari andi mashri 50 akoresha murandasi ituruka kuri saterite (Satelite) bita STARLink akaba ariyo yahereweho mu igerageza nyuma andi mashuri 500 niyo azahabwa iyi murandasi kandi tukazibanda ku mashuri yo mu byaro no mu nkengero z’imijyi. Hari umushinga witwa Smart Education dukorana na Minisiteri y’uburezi aho amashuri arenga 1400 azaba yagejejweho murandasi mu buryo buhendutse. Hari undi mushinga wa GIGA twatangiye ku bufatanye na UNICEF aho amashuri 63 yo mu nkambi zitandukanye yagejejweho murandasi yo mu bwoko bwa 4G.

Umuyobozi Sengati ashishikariza abakoresha imashini ziriho murandasi kutarangazwa n’amakuru atandukanye atajyanye no kwiga agaragara ku mbugankoranyambaga zitandukanye kuko hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko murandasi igira ingaruka nziza cyane ariko hakabaho n’imbi nko kurangaza abayikoresha ndetse zimwe zikigisha imico mibi itabereye umunyarwanda twifuza; ashishikariza abanyeshuri gusura imbugankoranyambaga mu rwego rwo gushaka amakuru cyangwa bakora ubushakashatsi byose bigendanye n’amasomo biga.

Kuki dushaka kugeza ikoranabuhanga na murandasi mu mashuri?    

Murandasi ifite icyo ifasha umunyeshuri n’umwarimu mu myigire n’imyigishirize kuko umunyeshuri ashobora kugera ku mfashanyigisho zitandukanye ku buryo bumworoheye yaba izigaragaza amashusho, amajwi cyangwa inyuguti. Amashuri aba afite ibitabo runaka bahabwa n’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe  uburezi bw’ibanze  ariko mu rwego rwo kwiyongerera ubumenyi, umunyeshuri asura imbuga zitandukanye agasoma ibindi bitabo ishuri ridafite bityo imyigire y’umunyeshuri ikarushaho kugenda neza umunyeshuri akongera ubumenyi kubwo mwarimu yamuhaye.

Umunyeshuri ukoresha ikoranabuhanga agira imitekerereze yagutse agatekereza yibaza kandi agashaka ibisubizo kandi bikamuha ubushobozi bwo kwishakira ibisubizo. Ikoranabuhanga riha umunyeshuri amahirwe yo guhanga udushya yibaza kubyo mwarimu yamwigishije bityo agafata iya mbere agashakisha izindi nzira zo gukora ibisa bityo agendeye ku rugero rwa mwarimu agashakisha amakuru ndetse ashakisha n’uburyo yayakoresha.

Imbugankoranyambaga zifasha abana aho hagati yabo baganira basangira amakuru hagati yabo, ibigo bikarenga igihugu bakabasha kwigira kuri bagenzi babo mu mpande zitandukanye z’isi. Umwarimu iyo ategura, ashobora kugera ku mfashanyigisho zitandukanye aho nawe yiyungura ubumenyi yigira ku bandi bakora nk’ibyo akora bigatuma umwarimu adahora yigisha ibintu bimwe ahubwo agafasha abanyeshuri kumva neza icyigwa.

Ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu mitegurire n’imigendekere myiza y’amahugurwa y’abarezi n’abandi bafite aho bahurira n’uburezi nk’uko biri mu nshingano z’urwego rw’igihugu rushinwe uburezi bw’ibanze guhugura abarezi. Ntibikiri ngombwa ko abarimu batega imodoka ngo bahurire hamwe bahabwe amahugurwa ahubwo kugea ubu abarezi aho bakorera bakurikirana amahugurwa batavuye aho bari bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi cy’amahugurwa bigaha amahirwe abarezi gucungura igihe bityo bagakora akazi kabo mu buryo buboroheye. Umwarimu shobora gusubiramo yiyibutsa ibyo yahuguwe akoresheje imbuga zitandukanye aho yaba ari hose kandi mu buryo bumworoheye.

Hari ubwo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigira ikibazo bigakenera gusimburwa cyangwa gusubirwamo, niyo mpamvu rero itsinda ribishinzwe rigera kuri buri kigo gifite ikibazo mu rwego rwo gukomeza kurinda ibyagezweho.

Minisiteri y’uburezi irajwe ishinga no kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi, imyigire n’imyigishirize ikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri yose mu Rwanda. Mu nshingano z’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze (REB) rufite harimo gutuma imyigire n’imyigishirize igenda neza ku rwego rw’ amashuri y’inshuke, abanza ndetse n’ayisumbuye kandi bijyanye n’icyerekezo cy’igihugu cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga cyanecyane mu mashuri.

Amashuri akora iki ngo bahabwe serivisi yo gusubizaho murandasi yavuyeho mu mashuri?

Umuyobozi ukuriye ibya tekiniki mu rwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi bw’ibanze mu, Bwana Kamara Philbert yavuze ko kugirango aho murandasi yagize ikibazo bica muri sisiteme (system) yashyizweho kugirango abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga kuri buri kigo bajye batanga raporo buri kwezi bakanamenyesha ababishinzwe bagatanga raporo y’ibyangiritse bikeneye gusanwa cg gusimbuzwa. Kugirango ibi byose bigende neza, ikigo akorera cyashyize murandasi mu mashuri ya [Fiber, 4G LTE, VSAT, STARLink na Wireless Broadband] mu rwego rwo guteza imbere uburezi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri yaba mu myigire n’imyigishirize.

Twashyizeho uburyo budufasha guhuza ibikorwa byaba ibitureba ndetse n’ibibazo biri mu bagenerwabikorwa (ibigo by’amashuri) aho abakozi bashinzwe ikoranabuhanga bamenyekanisha ikibazo cyavutse binyuze muri iyi sisiteme bigatuma natwe tugisesengura tukamenya neza icyo twakora ndetse n’uburyo tugikemuramo bityo tugakora urutonde rw’ibigo hakurikijwe uko basabye, tugategura ibikoresho bizifashishwa ndetse n’abakozi bajya gukemura ikibazo.

Kuri iyi nshuro, itsinda rishinzwe gusubizaho murandasi ryagiye mu turere mirongo itatu mu mashuri ijana na mirongo itanu n’abiri ryitwaje ibikoresho bitandukanye bijyanye n’imiterere y’ikibazo uko kimeze hakurikijwe uko buri mukozi ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga yatanze raporo nk’uko baba baramenyekanishije ibibazo binyuze muri sisiteme.

Ikoranabuhanga ririmo gufasha iki abanyeshuri, abarezi ndetse n’abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye?

Umuyobozi wishami ry’uburezi mu karere ka Nyagatare, Madamu Batamuriza Edith yavuzeko akarere ka Nyagatare ari kamwe mu turere dufite ibigo by’amashuri mu gihugu ndetse kakaba gakomeje guturwa. Uko akarere kagenda gaturwa ninako Leta yongera ibikorwa remezo nk’uko bisanzwe rero muribyo hakabamo n’amashuri ndetse n’ibikoresho tutibagiwe n’ ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Ubu hari amashuri ya leta ndetse n’ay’abikorera kandi ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ndetse na murandasi bihari ku bwiganze dore ko ubu birimo kudufasha kwesa imihigo tuba twarahize mu karere.

Mu myaka yashize ntwabwo ikoranabuhanga ryari kimwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu mashuri hano mu karere kacu, ariko turashima cyane urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe uburezi  bw’ibanze mu Rwanda(REB) kuko kugeza ubu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane ku rwego rwiza mu myigire n’imyigishirize kandi bakaba baraduhaye murandasi. Kuba dufite ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga (mudasobwa na murandasi) biradufasha cyane mu iterembere ry’akarere cyane cyane mu burezi aho usanga kugeza ubu n’abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza bafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze ku ikoranabuhanga.

“Mu kazi kanjye ka buri munsi ikorana buhanga riramfasha cyane; ni uburyo bworoshya akazi kuko ibikorwa byinshi bijyanye n’inshingano bikorerwa aho dukorera ubu ntabwo tugikoresha umwanya munini mu kwakira no guhanahana amakuru umunsi ku munsi mu karere. “

Umuyobozi Edith atanga inama ku banyeshuri ko bagerageza kwiyumvamo cyane gukoresha umwanya wabo bibanda ku myigire hifashishijwe ikorana buhanga, abarimu nabo barusheho kwiyungura ubumenyi mu bijyane na mudasobwa n’uburyo bugezweho bwo kwigisha hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

Katungo Rutama ni umuyobozi wikigo cya Karangazi Secondary School, aragaruka ku mahirwe amashuri afite yo kugira ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ndetse na murandasi.

“Ku ruhande rw’abayobozi, murandasi idufasha kubona amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, gutanga raporo tutagombye gukora urugendo bikadufasha gucungura igihe n’amafaranga yajyaga gutangwa ku ngendo, itumanaho hagati y’ikigo n’ikindi ndetse n’ababyeyi ryaroroshye, inama zikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, dufite imashini zirenga ijana abanyeshuri n’abarezi bifashisha mu myigire n’imyigishirize, guhuza imibare y’abanyeshuri mu buryo busobanutse hagaragazwa umwirondoro wa buri mwana”.

Si uyu muyobozi wenyine wishimira ingaruka nziza za murandasi n’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri muri rusange kuko Rurangwa Moses, umuyobozi wa G.S TABAGWE na Ndagijimana Sautere uyobora Ecole Primaire Ndego mu karere ka Kayonza mu ntara y’ Uburasirazuba bashimangira aho bageze mu ikoranabuhanga.

“Dufite ibyiciro by’abanyeshuri bitandukanye nk’amashuri y’inshuke, abanza ndetse nayisumbuye mu kigo mberee umuyobozi. Ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga; mu bihe byashize hari mudasobwa imwe ikoreshwa n’umuyobozi w’ikigo, nyuma Leta yaduhaye mudasobwa ndetse inatanga amahugurwa ku barimu bose bahugurwa ku bumenyi bw’ibanze ku ikoranabuhanga, kugeza ubu abarimu bbahagaze neza mu myigirishize, abanyeshuri nabo bahabwa ubumenyi mu gukoresha mudasobwa bazifashisha mu masomo yabo ya buri munsi dore ko ishuri rifite murandasi ikora neza ibafasha mu gukora ubushakashatsi no kongera ubumenyi, abarimu banategura umukoro bakawugeza ku banyeshuri hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga nko mu gihe cy’ibiruhuko bikabafasha kurushaho kwihugura no gusubiramo ibyo bize. Iyo tugize ibibazo byazamudasobwa cyangwa ihuzanzira twifashisha ababishinzwe bakadufasha bigakemuka”. imbamutima za Moses

“Murandasi iradufasha ku rwego rw’ abayobozi kuko dukoresha sisiteme idufasha gucunga neza abanyeshuri mu bigo byacu (SDMS), sisiteme idufasha gucunga abarezi tuba dukorana umunsi ku munsi (TMIS), ndetse n’indi sisiteme idufasha mu kubazwa aho tubona ibibazo byoherejwe n’ikigo kibishinzwe (CAMIS). Mu mirimo yacu ya buri munsi noneho, ikoranabuhanga na murandasi dufite abarimu babyifashisha mu gukora ubushakashatsi mu gihe bategura amasomo bagomba gutanga bagendeye ku nteganyanyigisho zitegurwa n’urwego rw’ igihugu rushizwe uburezi bw’ibanze mu Rwanda (REB) kuko aha bahakura n’ibitabo by’amasoma atandukanye byifashishwa mu myigire n’imyigishirize. Abanyeshuri biga mu buryo bworoshye aho biyungura ubumenyi kubyo bize, murandasi inakoreshwa mu buryo bw’amashusho aho abanyeshuri biga bareba (videos) ibyo mwarimu abasobanurira bityo bakarushaho kunguka ubumenyi mu buryo bworoshye kandi bagafata ibyo bize kubera kwiga bumva banareba. Ifasha abanyeshuri kwigira ku bandi hifashishijwe imbuga zitandukanye (website)  bagasanisha imyigire yabo ndetse niy’ ahandi biga nk’ibyo biga”. Bwana Ndagijimana agaruka ku kamaro k’ikoranabuhanga

Abarezi barivuga imyato kuko aho bageze ari heza, ikoranabhanga rikomeje kuborohereza mu kazi bakora bigatuma abanyeshuri barushaho kumva no gusobanukirwa neza amasomo biga ndetse bakayahuza n’ubuzima busanzwe mu rwego rwo kwitegura guhangana ku isoko ry’umurimo. Nyabyenda Theoneste, Bizimana Celestin na Bagambe Joseph ni abarezi mu mashuri abanza ndetse n’ayisumbuye barasobanura umumaro w’ikoranabuhanga mu myigire n’imyigishirize bakesha murandasi n’ihizanzira.

Murandasi imaze amezi atanu ivuyeho ntakindi kintu twayikoreye ku buryo twavugango nitwe twayikuyeho, muri akakanya twishimiyeko igiye gusubiraho twaridusigaranye uburyo bumwe bwonyine twabonagamo murandasi ariko nk’uko ikigo cyacu ari kinini ndetse n’ibikorwa bisaba ihuzanzira ryihuta, imwe gusa ntiyakoraga byihuse, twageragezaga kuyikoresha abana basubiramo amasomo ndetse n’abarimu bakayifashisha mu gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bitandukanye nk’ ibitabo by’ amasomo amwe n’amwe bakanayifashisha mu myigishirize. Murandasi igira uruhare rugaragara mu myigire y’abana. Twizeye ko ubwo iza kuba isubiye gukora izafasha abana kwongera ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga bashaka ibijyanye n’amasomo yabo, abarezi nabo bakongera ubumenyi mu kuzamura imyigishirize yacu kandi tugashaka n’andi makuru ajyanye n’imyigishirize y’ahandi tugateza imbere uburezi bwacu.

Urugero rwa hafi, abanyeshuri bashobora gukora ubushskashatsi ku mateka yahahise ndetse n’ubundi bumenyi rusange bujyanye n’amasomo. Murandasi idufasha no kubona ibizamini biba byarakozwe mu bihe byahise bigatuma abanyeshuri bihugura bitegura ibizamini bya Leta bityo bakabasha gutsinda neza. Abanyeshuri bongera ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’imishinga itandukanye aho usanga umwana arangiza umwaka wa gatandatu w’amashuri yisumbuye afite imeri (email) imufasha mu itumanaho aho yaba aherere hose ku isi.

Murandasi idufasha muburyo butandukanye, yoroshya imyigire n’imyigishirize. Urugero: abanyeshuri bashobora gukora ubushskashatsi ku mateka yahahise gdetse nubundi bumenyi rusange bujyanye namasomo. Abarezi nabo ibafasha gukora ubushakashatsi mbere yo kwigisha bagatanga amasomo uko bikwiye. Murandasi idufasha no kubona ibizamini biba byarakozwe mu bihe byahise bigatuma abanyeshuri bihugura bitegura ibizamini bya leta bityo bakabasha gutsinda neza. Abanyeshuri bagira ubumenyi kubijyanye nimishinga itandukanye aho uzanga umwana arangiza umwaka wa gatandatu afite email imufasha mu itumanaho aho yaba aherere hose.

Dufite ibikoresho bihagije by’ikoranabuhanga bihagije (machines) ndetse na murandasi bikora neza, nta kibazo cya murandasi tugira n’iyo tukigize abayozi babidufashamo hagashakwa igisubizo byihuse. Iyo dutanze isuzuma cyangwa imyitozo abanyeshuri bifashisha murandasi mu gihe bahuye n’ikibazo babajijwe kibagoye

Mubyo twigisha abanyeshuri harimo ubumenyi bwibanze ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga cyane cyane kwiyungura ubumenyi mu gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Murandasi udufasha mu buryo bwo kuvumbura no gutanga amasomo yizewe kuko kugeza ubu abanyeshuri bajya mu byumba by’ikoranabuhanga (Smart Classrooms) bagakora ubushakashatsi kubyo umurezi yabigishije bityo bakunguka ubundi bumenyi burenze kubwo bafatiye mu ishuri. Hari impinduka zigaragara mu banyeshuri aho usanga hari abaza badafite ubumenyi mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga tukabafasha nabo bagafashanya hagati yabo muri wa muco mwiza wo kutikubira kuko hari abo usanga bafite ubumenyi ku bikoresho runaka ibyo bigatuma imyigire igenda neza. Murandasi idufasha kunguka ubumenyi bwinshi butandukanye bitatugoye, aho abanyeshuri babona ubusobanuro buhagije bwiyongera kubwatanzwe na mwarimu mugihe barimo gusubiramo amasomo mu gihe cyabo cyihariye bakunguka n’ubundi bumenyi batahawe na mwarimu. 

Menya urwego abanyeshuri bagezeho mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri bigamo

Sebby Fayzo, Musime Elia, Ineza Uwase Celine na Tegemeye K. Janet barishimira impinduka nziza ikoranabuhanga rigenda ribagezaho ndetse bagatsinda ku kigero cyo hejuru ugereranyije n’uko batsindaga ikoranabuhanga ritarimakazwa mu mashuri. Murandazi idufasha mu gutsinda neza amasomo, dukora ubushakashatsi ku masomo atandukanye, kwisanisha n’ahandi hantu hose ku isi turi aho twigira tutagombye gufata urugendo. Idufasha gufashanya twe nk’abanyeshuri n’igihe tutari hamwe na mwarimu tukarushaho kwiyungura ubumenyi ku masomo twigishijwe tukayahuza n’ubuzima rusange. Turashimira ababishinzwe nka Minisiteri y’uburezi mu Rwanda, REB n’abafatanyabikorwa ba Leta ku ruhare rukomeye batugaragariza mu guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga.

“Murandasi idufasha gukoresha neza igihe kuko tubona ibyo dukeneye mu gihe kitarambiranye tukabona ubusobanuro buhagije ku masomo atandukanye. Izadufasha kuzashyira mu bikorwa ibyo twize mu gihe kizaza bityo tukiteza imbere ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange. “

“Nka njye Uwase niga ibijyanye n’ubuzima nzi neza ko umuntu atabasha gufata ubumenyi bwose ku isomo runaka uko bwakabaye cyangwa ngo mwarimu aguhe bwose kuko nawe agendana n’iminota yagenewe isomo ariko iyo dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga tubona ubumenyi bwinshi ndetse kubera murandasi tukifashisha mu bindi bigo bitandukanye bifite icyo twabyigiraho bityo tukizera kuzarangiza amasomo yacu turi abahanga igihugu gikeneye. Nko kwa muganga aho umuntu ashobora gukora operasiyo (kubaga) atagombye gukora urugendo akifashisha ikoranabuhanga.”

“Mugihe kiri imbere numva nzifashisha murandasi mu kongera urwego mu myigire ndetse nasoza amashuri yisumbuye mu bijyanye n’ubuzima nkavura abantu nkana bagira inama ntagombye guhura nabo kuko hari abatinya guhura n’umuntu bamubwira ibibazo byabo, murandasi izamfasha gutinyura abantu bakava mu bibazo runaka bafite.”

“Murandasi ndetse na mudasobwa byahinduye cyane uburyo bwimyigire aho usanga twarungutse cyane ubumenyi binyuze mu gucukumbura, hari itandukaniro mu kwiga dukoresha ikoranabuhanga n’igihe ritakoreshwaga. Ubu twiga dukora imikoro ngiro tukabona na mashusho kubijyanye n’amasomo yacu ya buri munsi, muri make dukoresha igihe neza tukabasha gusoza neza integanyigisho nk’uko biteganyijwe. Kuba dufite ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ndetse na murandasi byazamuye cyane imitsindire y’abanyeshuri mu kigo cyacu kuko mbere tutarabibona twatsindaga ku rwego rwo hasi cyane ariko ubu dutsinda neza kuko turacukumbura tukamenya byinshi ku maso twiga tudafashe ibyo mwarimu yatwigishije gusa. Inama natanga nuko twakorersha ikoranabuhanga mu bintu bidufitiye akamaro ntiturikoreshe mu bitaduteza imbere.”

Ubukungu bw’ u Rwanda burava ku gushingira ku buhinzi ahubwo bugashingira kuby’uhanga buhindurira imibereho y’abaturarwanda kuba myiza nk’uko biri mu cyerekezo 2050 aho ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri rishyizwemo imbaraga yaba minisiteri y’uburezi n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo. Uburyo butandukanye butuma iki cyerekezo kigerwaho, ubu uburezi bwageze kuri bose, ireme ry’uburezi ryarazamuwe hamwe n’ amahugurwa ku bakozi bari mu burezi.